Tangira

Muri 1

1/20

Icyapa kivuga gutambuka mbere y’ibinyabiziga biturutse imbere gifite amabara akurikira:

Ubuso ni umweru

Ikirango ni umutuku n’umukara

Ikirango ni umweru n’umukara

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

2/20

Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara rituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rifite amabara akurikira:

umuhondo

icyatsi kibisi

umweru

umutuku

Muri 1

3/20

Ubugari bw’imizigo yikorewe n’ibinyamitende itatu n’ubwiyikorewe n’ibinyamitende 4 bifite cyangwa bidafite moteri kimwe n’ubw’iyikorewe na romuruki zikuruwe n’ibyo binyabiziga ntibushobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Cm 30 ku bugari bw’icyo kinyabiziga kidapakiye

Ubugari ntarengwa budakuka ni metero 2 na sentimetero 50

A na B ni ibisubizo by’ukuri

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

4/20

Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari bufite ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugira amatara ndangaburumbarare :

Metero 2 na cm 10

Metero 2 na cm 50

Metero 3

Metero 2

Muri 1

5/20

Iyo umuvuduko w’ibinyabiziga bidapakiye ushobora kurenga km50 mu isaha ahategamye, bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho by’ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera:

Metero 100

Metero 200

Metero 50

Metero 150

Muri 1

6/20

Iyo amatara y’ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa kandi igihe imizigo isumba impera y’ikinyabiziga ho metero irenga igice gihera cy’imizigo kigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Itara ritukura cyangwa akagarurarumuri ku mutuku ku manywa

Agatambaro gatukura gafite nibura cm 50 z’uruhande mu ijoro

Itara ry’umuhondo cyangwa akagarurarumuri k’umuhondo

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

7/20

Itara ndanganyuma rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:

Ahagereye inguni y’ibumoso y’ikinyabiziga

Ahagereye inguni y’iburyo bw’ikinyabiziga

inyuma kandi y’impera y’ibumoso bw’ikinyabiziga

Ahegereye inkombe y’iburyo

Muri 1

8/20

Iyo imizigo igizwe n’ibinyampeke, ikawa, ipamba idatonoye, ibishara, ibyatsi, ibishami cyangwa ubwatsi bw’amatungo bidahambiriye uretse amapaki afunze, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera ku bipimo bikurikira:

m 2.50

m 2.75

m 3

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

9/20

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira itara ry’ubururu rimyatsa riboneka mu mpande zose:

Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari burenga m 2 na cm 10

Ibinyabiziga bya police y’igihugu

Ibinyabiziga ndakumirwa

Ibisubizo byose ni ukuri

Muri 1

10/20

Iyo banyuze iruhande rw’inkomyi abanyamaguru bagomba gukikira banyuze mu muhanda, abayobozi bagomba gusiga umwanya ufite ubugari bwa m 1 nibura hagati yabo nayo. Iyo ibyo bidashobora kubahirizwa kandi umunyamaguru akaba anyura hafi yiyo nkomyi, umuyobozi agomba kuyikikira afite umuvuduko utarengeje ibipimo bikurikira:

km 10 mu isaha

km 20 mu isaha

km 30 mu isaha

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

11/20

Utugarurarumuri turi mu mbavu z’ikinyabiziga tugomba kugira ibara rikurikira:

Umweru

Umuhondo

Umutuku

Nta gisubizo cy'ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

12/20

Ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa nka tagisi, bitegerereza abantu mu nzira nyabagendwa, bishobora gushyirwaho itara ryerekana ko ikinyabiziga kitakodeshejwe. Iryo tara rishyirwaho ku buryo bukurikira:

Ni itara ry’icyatsi rishyirwa imbere ku kinyabiziga

Ni itara ry’icyatsi rishyirwa ibumoso

Ni itara ry’umuhondo rishyirwa inyuma

A na C ni ibisubizo by’ukuri

Muri 1

13/20

Uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ntibushobora kurenga ½ cy’uburemere bw’ikinyabiziga gikurura nubw’umuyobozi kuri romoruki zikurikira :

Romoruki ifite feri y’urugendo

Romoruki idafite feri y’urugendo

Romoruki itarenza kg 750

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

14/20

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira icyerekana umuvuduko kiri aho umuyobozi areba neza kandi kigahora kitabwaho kugirango kigume gukora neza:

Ibinyabiziga bifite umuvuduko nibura wa km 60 mu isaha

Ibinyabiziga bishobora kurenza km 40 mu isaha

Ibinyabiziga bishobora kurenza km 30 mu isaha

Ibinyabiziga bishobora kurenza km 25 mu isaha

Muri 1

15/20

Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa akagarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze ku buryo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi y’ibipimo bikurikira kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye :

Cm 30

Cm 40

Cm 50

Metero 1 na cm 55

Muri 1

16/20

Nibura ikinyabiziga gitegetswe kugira uduhanagurakirahure tungahe:

Ntagisubizo cy'ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

17/20

Bumwe muri ubu bwoko bwa feri ituma imodoka iguma aho iri uko yaba yikoreye kose ku muzamuko cyangwa ku gacuri bya 16%, imyanya ya feri igomba gufata igakomeza kwegera kuburyo bw’ibyuma niyo umuyobozi yaba atarimo:

feri yo guhagarara umwanya munini

feri y’urugendo

feri yo gutabara

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

18/20

Uretse mu mujyi, ku yindi mihanda yajyenwe na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu, uburemere ntarengwa ku binyabiziga bifite imitambiko itatu cyangwa irenga hatarimo makuzungu ni :

Toni 10

Toni 12

Toni 16

Toni 24

Muri 1

19/20

Ni ryari ikinyabiziga gishobora kugenda mu muhanda moteri itaka cyangwa vitesi idakora:

Igihe kigenda ahamanuka

Igihe gikuruwe n’ikindi kinyabiziga

Igihe gifite feri y’urugendo

Ibisubizo byose ni byo

Muri 1

20/20

Ahari hejuru cyane y’ubuso bumurika h’amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma ntihashobora kuba aharenze ibipimo bikurikira hejuru y’ubutaka iyo ikinyabiziga kidapakiye:

m1 na cm 50

m1 na cm 75

m 1 na cm 90

m2 na cm 10

Umwitozo wa 12

Icyapa kivuga gutambuka mbere y’ibinyabiziga biturutse imbere gifite amabara akurikira:

Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara rituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rifite amabara akurikira:

Ubugari bw’imizigo yikorewe n’ibinyamitende itatu n’ubwiyikorewe n’ibinyamitende 4 bifite cyangwa bidafite moteri kimwe n’ubw’iyikorewe na romuruki zikuruwe n’ibyo binyabiziga ntibushobora kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari bufite ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugira amatara ndangaburumbarare :

Iyo umuvuduko w’ibinyabiziga bidapakiye ushobora kurenga km50 mu isaha ahategamye, bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho by’ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera:

Iyo amatara y’ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa kandi igihe imizigo isumba impera y’ikinyabiziga ho metero irenga igice gihera cy’imizigo kigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Itara ndanganyuma rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:

Iyo imizigo igizwe n’ibinyampeke, ikawa, ipamba idatonoye, ibishara, ibyatsi, ibishami cyangwa ubwatsi bw’amatungo bidahambiriye uretse amapaki afunze, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera ku bipimo bikurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira itara ry’ubururu rimyatsa riboneka mu mpande zose:

Utugarurarumuri turi mu mbavu z’ikinyabiziga tugomba kugira ibara rikurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa nka tagisi, bitegerereza abantu mu nzira nyabagendwa, bishobora gushyirwaho itara ryerekana ko ikinyabiziga kitakodeshejwe. Iryo tara rishyirwaho ku buryo bukurikira:

Uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ntibushobora kurenga ½ cy’uburemere bw’ikinyabiziga gikurura nubw’umuyobozi kuri romoruki zikurikira :

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira icyerekana umuvuduko kiri aho umuyobozi areba neza kandi kigahora kitabwaho kugirango kigume gukora neza:

Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa akagarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze ku buryo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi y’ibipimo bikurikira kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye :

Nibura ikinyabiziga gitegetswe kugira uduhanagurakirahure tungahe:

Bumwe muri ubu bwoko bwa feri ituma imodoka iguma aho iri uko yaba yikoreye kose ku muzamuko cyangwa ku gacuri bya 16%, imyanya ya feri igomba gufata igakomeza kwegera kuburyo bw’ibyuma niyo umuyobozi yaba atarimo:

Uretse mu mujyi, ku yindi mihanda yajyenwe na minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu, uburemere ntarengwa ku binyabiziga bifite imitambiko itatu cyangwa irenga hatarimo makuzungu ni :

Ni ryari ikinyabiziga gishobora kugenda mu muhanda moteri itaka cyangwa vitesi idakora:

Ahari hejuru cyane y’ubuso bumurika h’amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma ntihashobora kuba aharenze ibipimo bikurikira hejuru y’ubutaka iyo ikinyabiziga kidapakiye: