Tangira

Muri 1

1/20

Ubugari bw’imizigo yikorewe n’ipikipiki idafite akanyabiziga ko kuruhande kimwe n’ubwa romoruki ikuruwe na bene icyo kinyabiziga ntibushobora kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:

m 1.2

cm 30

cm 75

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

2/20

Utuyira turi ku mpande z’umuhanda n’ inkengero zigiye hejuru biharirwa abanyamaguru mu bihe bikurikira:

Iyo hari amategeko yihariye yerekanwa n’ibimenyetso

Iyo badatatanye kandi bayobowe n’umwarimu

Iyo hatari amategeko yihariye yerekanwa n’ibimenyetso

Ibisubizo byose ni ukuri

Muri 1

3/20

Iyo amatara y’ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa kandi igihe imizigo isumba impera y’ikinyabiziga ho metero irenga igice gihera cy’imizigo kigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

itara ritukura cyangwa akagarurarumuri ku mutuku ku manywa

agatambaro gatukura gafite nibura cm 50 z’uruhande mu ijoro

itara ry’umuhondo cyangwa akagarurarumuri k’umuhondo

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

4/20

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira itara ry’ubururu rimyatsa riboneka mu mpande zose:

ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari burenga m 2 na cm 10

ibinyabiziga bya police y’igihugu

ibinyabiziga ndakumirwa

ibisubizo byose ni ukuri

Muri 1

5/20

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira icyerekana umuvuduko kiri aho umuyobozi areba neza kandi kigahora kitabwaho kugirango kigume gukora neza:

ibinyabiziga bifite umuvuduko nibura wa km 60 mu isaha

ibinyabiziga bishobora kurenza km 40 mu isaha

ibinyabiziga bishobora kurenza km 30 mu isaha

ibinyabiziga bishobora kurenza km 25 mu isaha

Muri 1

6/20

Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari bufite ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugira amatara ndangaburumbarare :

Metero 2 na cm 10

Metero 2 na cm 50

Metero 3

Metero 2

Muri 1

7/20

Iyo bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe n’uko ibihe bimeze nk’igihe cy’ibihu cyangwa cy’imvura bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, udutsiko twose tw’abanyamaguru nk’imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw’abanyeshuri bari ku murongo bayobowe n’umwarimu, iyo bagenda mu muhanda ku isonga hakaba hari abantu barenze umwe bagomba kugaragazwa kuburyo bukurikira :

Imbere ni itara ry’umuhondo ritwariwe ibumoso

Inyuma ni itara ryera ritwariwe ibumoso n’umuntu uri ku murongo w’inyuma hafi y’umurongo ugabanya umuhanda mo kabiri

A na B ni ibisubizo by’ukuri

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

8/20

Imburira zimurika zemerewe gukoreshwa kugirango bamenyeshe umuyobozi ko bagiye kumunyuraho aha hakurikira:

Mu nsisiro gusa

Ahegereye inyamaswa zikurura

Hafi y’amatungo

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

9/20

Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara risa n’icyatsi kibisi bituma umuyobozi yere kana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:

hafi y’inguni y’ibumoso bw’ikinyabiziga

inyuma hafi y’impera y’iburyo bw’ikinyabiziga

inyuma ahegereye inguni y’iburyo

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

10/20

Ikinyabiziga kibujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira :

Imbere y’ahantu hinjirwa hakasohokerwa n’abantu benshi

Mu muhanda aho ugabanyijemo ibisate bigaragazwa n’imirongo idacagaguye

A na B ni ibisubizo by’ukuri

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

11/20

Iyo romoruki iziritse ku kinyamitende, velomoteri n’amapikipiki bidafite akanyabiziga ko kuruhande uretse ikinyamitende na velomoteri bidafite umuyobozi, iyo uburumbarare bwayo cyangwa bw’ibyo yikoreye bituma itara ry’ikinyabiziga gikurura ritagara gara igihe bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200 bigomba kugaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

itara ryera cyangwa ry’umuhondo cyangwa risa n’icunga rihishije riri kuri rumoruki inyuma

itara ry’icyatsi cyangwa ry’umuhondo cyangwa risa n’icunga rihishije riri kuri rumoruki inyuma

A na B ni ibisubizo by’ukuri

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

12/20

Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa akagarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze ku buryo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi y’ibipimo bikurikira kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye :

Cm 30

Cm 40

Cm 50

Metero 1 na cm 55

Muri 1

13/20

Ku kinyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntikigomba kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

inyuma ni m 3 na cm 50

imbere ni m 1 na cm 70

A na B ni ibisubizo by’ukuri

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

14/20

Umurongo mugari wera udacagaguye ushobora gucibwa ku muhanda kugirango ugaragaze ibi bikurikira:

inkombe mpimbano z’umuhanda

ahahagararwa umwanya muto n’umunini

ahanyura abayobozi b’amagare

nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Muri 1

15/20

Ni ryari ikinyabiziga gishobora kugenda mu muhanda moteri itaka cyangwa vitesi idakora:

igihe kigenda ahamanuka

igihe gikuruwe n’ikindi kinyabiziga

igihe gifite feri y’urugendo

ibisubizo byose ni byo

Muri 1

16/20

Ahari hejuru cyane y’ubuso bumurika h’amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma ntihashobora kuba aharenze ibipimo bikurikira he juru y’ubutaka iyo ikinyabiziga kidapakiye:

m1 na cm 50

m1 na cm 75

m 1 na cm 90

m2 na cm 10

Muri 1

17/20

Iyo ikinyabiziga gifite amatara abiri cyangwa menshi y’ubwoko bumwe ayo matara agomba kugira ibara rimwe n’ingufu zingana kandi akagomba gushyirwaho ku buryo buteganye uhereye ku murongo ugabanya ikinyabizigamo kabiri mu burebure bwacyo. Ariko ibi ntibikurikizwa ku matara akurikira:

itara ndangamubyimba

itara ndangaburumbarare

itara ribonesha icyapa kiranga numero y’ikinyabiziga inyuma

A na B byose nibyo

Muri 1

18/20

Ibinyabiziga bihinga n’ibindi bikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa n’ibigo bipatana imirimo, iyo bigenda mu nzira nyabagendwa igihe cya nijoro cyangwa bitewe n’uko ibihe bimeze bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200 bishobora kugaragazwa inyuma n’amatara 2 atukur a, bipfa kuba bitarenza ibipimo bikurikira:

kutarenza umuvuduko wa km20 mu isaha

uburebure bwabyo habariwemo ibyo bitwaye bukaba butarengeje m6

uburebure ntarengwa ntiburenga m8

A na B nibyo bisubizo by’ukuri

Muri 1

19/20

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko, umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zikoreshwa nk’amavatiri y’ifasi cyangwa amatagis i zifite uburemere bwemewe butarenga kilogarama 3500 ni:

Km 60 mu isaha

Km 40 mu isaha

Km 75 mu isaha

Km20 mu isaha

Muri 1

20/20

Uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ntibushobora kurenga ½ cy’uburemere bw’ikinyabiziga gikurura nubw’umuyobozi kuri romoruki zikurikira :

Romoruki ifite feri y’urugendo

Romoruki idafite feri y’urugendo

Romoruki itarenza kg 750

Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo

Umwitozo wa 15

Ubugari bw’imizigo yikorewe n’ipikipiki idafite akanyabiziga ko kuruhande kimwe n’ubwa romoruki ikuruwe na bene icyo kinyabiziga ntibushobora kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:

Utuyira turi ku mpande z’umuhanda n’ inkengero zigiye hejuru biharirwa abanyamaguru mu bihe bikurikira:

Iyo amatara y’ikinyabiziga agomba gucanwa kandi igihe imizigo isumba impera y’ikinyabiziga ho metero irenga igice gihera cy’imizigo kigaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira itara ry’ubururu rimyatsa riboneka mu mpande zose:

Ibinyabiziga bikurikira bigomba kugira icyerekana umuvuduko kiri aho umuyobozi areba neza kandi kigahora kitabwaho kugirango kigume gukora neza:

Ibinyabiziga bifite ubugari bufite ibipimo bikurikira bigomba kugira amatara ndangaburumbarare :

Imburira zimurika zemerewe gukoreshwa kugirango bamenyeshe umuyobozi ko bagiye kumunyuraho aha hakurikira:

Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara risa n’icyatsi kibisi bituma umuyobozi yere kana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:

Ikinyabiziga kibujijwe guhagarara akanya kanini aha hakurikira :

Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa akagarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze ku buryo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi y’ibipimo bikurikira kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye :

Ku kinyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana igice kirenga ku biziga ntikigomba kurenga ibipimo bikurikira:

Umurongo mugari wera udacagaguye ushobora gucibwa ku muhanda kugirango ugaragaze ibi bikurikira:

Ni ryari ikinyabiziga gishobora kugenda mu muhanda moteri itaka cyangwa vitesi idakora:

Ahari hejuru cyane y’ubuso bumurika h’amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma ntihashobora kuba aharenze ibipimo bikurikira he juru y’ubutaka iyo ikinyabiziga kidapakiye:

Iyo ikinyabiziga gifite amatara abiri cyangwa menshi y’ubwoko bumwe ayo matara agomba kugira ibara rimwe n’ingufu zingana kandi akagomba gushyirwaho ku buryo buteganye uhereye ku murongo ugabanya ikinyabizigamo kabiri mu burebure bwacyo. Ariko ibi ntibikurikizwa ku matara akurikira:

Iyo nta mategeko awugabanya by’umwihariko, umuvuduko ntarengwa ku modoka zikoreshwa nk’amavatiri y’ifasi cyangwa amatagis i zifite uburemere bwemewe butarenga kilogarama 3500 ni:

Uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ntibushobora kurenga ½ cy’uburemere bw’ikinyabiziga gikurura nubw’umuyobozi kuri romoruki zikurikira :